Gramática Inglesa: Modales, Condicionales, Tiempos Verbales y Escritura Profesional

Gramática Inglesa: Tiempos Verbales, Modales y Condicionales

1. Pronombres relativos

THAT: que (personas o cosas)

WHICH: que, cual (cosas)

WHO: que, quien (personas)

WHOM: que, a quien (personas, complemento)

WHOSE: cuyo (personas o cosas)

2. Futuro

WILL HAVE + -ed: habrá decorado

WILL HAVE BEEN: habrá (sido)

WILL: promesa, predicción u oferta en el futuro

TO BE GOING TO: acción próxima o planes

3. Verbos modales

• CAN: habilidad, posibilidad, permiso (puede)
• COULD: educado, habilidad pasada (podría)
• MAY: posibilidad, permiso, incertidumbre (puede que)
• MIGHT: menor posibilidad (podría)
• MUST: obligación (debo)
• OUGHT TO: consejo, sugerencia u obligación (debería)
• WILL: predicción, acción futura, promesa

4. Oraciones condicionales

Primer condicional: se utiliza para expresar situaciones reales o posibles en el futuro.
If + present simple, will + base form

Segundo condicional: situaciones irreales o improbables.
If + past simple, would + base form
Ejemplo: If I had money, I would travel to the Moon. (Si tuviera dinero, viajaría a la Luna.)

Tercer condicional: situaciones irreales o hipotéticas del pasado.
If + past perfect, would have + past participle

5. Tiempos verbales

Pasado continuo

was/were + verbo + ing

Presente perfecto simple

have/has + participio. Ejemplo: I have been here (he estado aquí).

Presente perfecto continuo

Acción que continúa en el presente.
has/have been + verbo + ing. Ejemplo: We have been studying (hemos estado estudiando).

Pasado perfecto simple

Acción ya terminada en el pasado.
had + participio. Ejemplo: We had been in France (habíamos estado en Francia).

Pasado perfecto continuo

had been + verbo + ing. Ejemplo: I had been playing (había estado jugando).

6. Expresiones de deseo y arrepentimiento

I wish / If only: situaciones presentes o futuras que serían diferentes.

• I wish I had studied harder. (Ojalá hubiera estudiado más.)
• If only I had studied harder. (Si tan solo hubiera estudiado más.)

Muestra arrepentimiento por una acción pasada.

7. Correos electrónicos profesionales

Ejemplo 1: Confirmación de disponibilidad

Subject: First Project Team Meeting: Confirm Your Availability

Dear all,

Welcome aboard the Project Z Team! Your enthusiasm and dedication are greatly appreciated.

We are excited to kick-start this journey with our first meeting next week. To ensure maximum participation, kindly provide your availability for next week by replying to this email. The meeting is expected to last no more than an hour.

Your prompt response, preferably by today or tomorrow morning, will assist us in finalizing the meeting time. I'm looking forward to a productive session fueled by your valuable insights.

Best regards,
Marta Ibáñez
Project Coordinator

Ejemplo 2: Programación de reunión

Subject: Meeting Scheduling

Hi Nayim,

I hope this email finds you well. I wanted to discuss the upcoming project and thought it would be great if we could have a meeting to go over the details. Are you available next week? If so, could you please let me know your preferred dates and times? I'll do my best to accommodate your schedule.

Looking forward to your response.

Best regards,
Marta

8. Presentación personal

Hi everybody! My name is Marta and I'm 48 years old. I'm living in Carcastillo and I'm a student of Social Integration. My professional life has been dedicated to the metal sector and for some time I wanted to study this branch because in the future I would like to work with disabled children. I'm also studying the second course of English A2 at the official language school in Ejea de los Caballeros.

In my free time, I like to be with friends, do some hiking, play paddle and get together with my crew for a few beers, dinners and travel. I hope to learn in this course and be able to do the various tasks scheduled, even though I'm not very good at speaking English.

See you soon!

9. Currículum vitae

Datos de contacto

Contacto, teléfono, email, calle.

Habilidades

• Profesional
• Montaje de cámaras de almacenamiento en frío
• Contable

Idiomas

• Español: nativo
• Inglés: C2
• Francés: C1

Experiencia

Administrativa, gerente de empresa, contable.

Formación

Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Máster en Administración, estudiante de Integración Social.

Carta de presentación

Dear Colleague,

I am writing to express my interest in the position of Expert. I am a person who is fluent in programming languages, with experience. Since I finished my studies, you would be happy to expand on the information provided and demonstrate my skills in the future.

Carta de presentación personal

My name is Marta and I'm studying for the Social Integration and I would like to pass the English subject. My life has been very exciting. My first job was in fact in a factory, but I didn't want to say there. If I had stayed there working now, I would be living in my village. My experience was not good, so I decided to have a child when I was 19 years old and went to live far away. My studies have been in administration (1999), logistics and accounting. I am currently studying Social Integration at IES Huarte.

Regarding my job experience, I have had several jobs. I have worked for many years keeping the accounts of a company. It has been worked in many places and now my new job is in a supermarket refrigerator factory. If I work well, I'll stay until I'm young.

10. Informe de viaje de negocios a Portugal

Introducción: Nuestro reciente viaje de negocios tuvo como objetivo explorar las tendencias del mercado y fomentar alianzas en la industria de toallas de playa, presentando una oportunidad prometedora de expansión.

Aspectos positivos: El networking con líderes de la industria, descubrir diseños innovadores y vivir una inmersión cultural enriqueció nuestra comprensión del panorama del mercado.

Aspectos negativos: Los desafíos logísticos, como las barreras idiomáticas y las restricciones de tiempo, dificultaron la comunicación y limitaron la investigación de mercado, lo que afectó la toma de decisiones estratégicas.

Mejoras para el próximo año: Priorizar la formación en competencia lingüística, asignar más tiempo a la investigación y mejorar la sensibilidad cultural puede mitigar los obstáculos y optimizar futuros proyectos.

Conclusión: A pesar de los desafíos, nuestro viaje proporcionó conocimientos invaluables que sientan las bases para el éxito en el mercado global de toallas de playa.

11. Ensayo

La integración social

Social integration is a fundamental process in building a cohesive and equitable society. Through the implementation of technical strategies, such as inclusive employment and educational programs, the active participation of all individuals in the community is sought. Promoting diversity and respecting differences are key pillars in this process, as they contribute to creating an inclusive and enriching environment for all. In this sense, it is important to highlight the significance of ongoing professional development in the field of social integration, to ensure the effectiveness and quality of interventions. In summary, social integration from a technical perspective is a fundamental pillar for building a fairer and more compassionate society.