Gramática Inglesa Esencial: Tiempos Verbales, Condicionales y Más

Gramática Inglesa Esencial: Conceptos Fundamentales

Tiempos Verbales

Presente Simple

Estructura: Sujeto + Verbo (3.ª persona -s/-es) + Complemento

Ejemplo: I study English every day. (Yo estudio inglés todos los días)

Adverbios de frecuencia: always, often, usually, sometimes, never, every day.

Presente Continuo

Estructura: Sujeto + TO BE + Verbo -ING + Complemento

Ejemplo: He is talking with his mum. (Él está hablando con su madre)

Adverbios de frecuencia: now, at this moment.

Pasado Simple (Acciones del pasado que terminaron)

Estructura: Sujeto + Verbo -ed/irregular + Complemento

Ejemplo: She chatted with her brother yesterday. (Ella chateó con su hermano ayer)

Adverbios de frecuencia: last week, last year, yesterday, after...

Pasado Continuo

Estructura: Sujeto + was/were + Verbo -ing + Complemento

Ejemplo: He was making a cake with his mum. (Él estuvo preparando una tarta con su madre)

Adverbios de frecuencia: at this time.

Uso de When y While

Regla: Después de when, se usa siempre pasado simple; después de while, siempre pasado continuo.

Ejemplo: While Mr. Brown was having a shower, I knocked on his door.

Condicionales

Zero Conditional (Verdades Universales)

Estructura: If + Presente Simple + Presente Simple

First Conditional

Estructura: If + Presente Simple + Will + Infinitivo

Second Conditional (Situaciones Poco Probables)

Estructura: If + Past Simple + Would + Infinitivo

Futuro

Futuro Simple (Will)

Se usa para planes futuros que te gustaría hacer pero no son seguros, promesas o pensamientos.

Afirmativa: Sujeto + Will + Verbo + Complemento

Futuro con Going to

Se usa para acciones futuras que tienes muy claras y seguras.

Afirmativa: Sujeto + to be + going to + Verbo + Complemento

Comparativo y Superlativo

Verbos Modales

• Posibilidad

  • Can/Can't (poder/saber)
  • Could/Couldn't (podía/pedir permiso formal)

• Consejo

  • Should/Shouldn't (deberías)
  • Ought to (deberías)

• Obligación o Prohibición

  • Have to (tener que)
  • Must/Mustn't (deber)

Voz Pasiva

• Presente Simple

  • Estructura: TO BE (presente simple) + Verbo en Participio
  • Ejemplo: A book is written by me.
  • Un libro es escrito por mí.

• Presente Continuo

  • Estructura: TO BE (presente simple) + being + Verbo en Participio
  • Ejemplo: A book is being written by me.
  • Un libro está siendo escrito por mí.

• Pasado Simple

  • Estructura: TO BE (pasado was/were) + Verbo en Participio
  • Ejemplo: A book was written by him.
  • Un libro fue escrito por él.

• Pasado Continuo

  • Estructura: TO BE (pasado was/were) + being + Verbo en Participio
  • Ejemplo: A book was being written by him.
  • El libro estuvo siendo escrito por él.

• Futuro

  • Estructura: will + be + Verbo en Participio
  • Ejemplo: A book will be written by me.
  • Un libro será escrito por mí.

Ejemplo de E-mail Formal e Informal

E-mail de Cristina (Consulta)

Dear Sir/Madam,

Hello, good morning. Let me introduce myself: my name is Cristina. Nice to meet you. I would like to make a reservation for the second week of August. I would like a double room, full board, and a jacuzzi. Is there a laundry service in the hotel? What time is it available? Is there a swimming pool in your hotel? What time does it open? I would like to know the price of the room per week for two people. What time is check-in? We are going to arrive at three o’clock in the city. Thank you very much in advance. I look forward to hearing from you.

Best Regards,

Cristina.

E-mail de Ana (Respuesta)

Dear Cristina,

Hello, good morning. Let me introduce myself: my name is Ana, I am the receptionist at Hotel Carlos V. Nice to meet you too.

Yes, there is availability for the second week of August.

Yes, we have an ideal room with a jacuzzi, and regarding the board, there is no problem.

Yes, there is a laundry service, and it is open every day in the morning.

Yes, there is a swimming pool; it opens from twelve o’clock to eight o’clock.

The price per week for two people is 120 euros. Check-in is from nine o’clock to twelve o’clock. Thank you very much in advance. I look forward to hearing from you.

Best Regards,

Ana.