Gramática Esencial del Inglés: Tiempos Verbales, Modales y Frases Clave

Tiempos Verbales en Inglés

Present Simple

• Afirmativa: I love you.
• Negativa: I don't love you.
• Interrogativa: Do I love you?

Present Continuous

• Afirmativa: I'm loving you.
• Negativa: I am not loving you.
• Interrogativa: Am I loving you?

Present Perfect Simple

• Afirmativa: I have loved you.
• Negativa: I haven't loved you.
• Interrogativa: Have I loved you?

Past Simple

• Afirmativa: I loved you.
• Negativa: I didn't love you.
• Interrogativa: Did I love you?

Past Continuous

• Afirmativa: I was loving you.
• Negativa: I wasn't loving you.
• Interrogativa: Was I loving you?

Past Perfect Simple

• Afirmativa: I had loved you.
• Negativa: I hadn't loved you.
• Interrogativa: Had I loved you?

Future Simple

• Afirmativa: I will love you.
• Negativa: I won't love you.
• Interrogativa: Will I love you?

Future Continuous

• Afirmativa: I will be loving you.
• Negativa: I won't be loving you.
• Interrogativa: Will I be loving you?

Future Perfect Simple

• Afirmativa: I will have loved you.
• Negativa: I won't have loved you.
• Interrogativa: Will I have loved you?

Conditional Simple

• Afirmativa: I would love you.
• Negativa: I wouldn't love you.
• Interrogativa: Would I love you?

Conditional Continuous

• Afirmativa: I would be loving you.
• Negativa: I wouldn't be loving you.
• Interrogativa: Would I be loving you?

Conditional Perfect Simple

• Afirmativa: I would have loved you.
• Negativa: I wouldn't have loved you.
• Interrogativa: Would I have loved you?

Imperative

• Love me / Let's love.
• Don't love (me).

Verbos Modales en Inglés

• Can

  Indica habilidad o posibilidad. (puedo)

• Could

  Indica posibilidad o habilidad en el pasado. (podría)

  • He could read Russian.

• May

  Indica posibilidad, permiso o prohibición.

  • It may rain tomorrow. (Posibilidad)
  • May I come in? (Permiso)
  • You may not smoke here. (Prohibición)

• Might

  Indica posibilidad remota.

  • It might snow.

• Will

  Se usa para el futuro, decisiones espontáneas, promesas.

• Would

  Se usa para peticiones formales, hábitos en el pasado, preferencias.

  • Would you marry me? (Petición formal)
  • I would play tennis when I was 10. (Hábito en el pasado)
  • I would rather go to the cinema. (Preferencia)

• Should / Ought to

  Se usan para dar consejos o indicar obligación moral. A menudo seguidos de participio (en estructuras perfectas).

  • You should buy her a diamond.

• Must

  Indica obligación fuerte o prohibición.

• Have to

  Indica obligaciones impuestas (externas).

  • You have to drive on the right.

• Be able to

  Indica habilidades (equivalente a 'can' pero más flexible en tiempos verbales).

  • He is able to make a cake.

• Must / Can't have + Participio

  Se usan para deducciones (certeza o imposibilidad).

  • They must have bought a new house. (Deducción de certeza)
  • They can’t have come here this morning. (Deducción de imposibilidad)

• May, Might, Could + Have + Participio

  Se usan para deducciones donde no tenemos mucha seguridad.

  • They may have gone.
  • She could have seen her.

• Need

  Indica necesidad.

  • You are going to need a lot of help.

• Needn’t

  Indica ausencia de necesidad.

Voz Pasiva en Inglés

• Present Simple

  Matt Damon plays many roles → Many roles are played by Matt Damon.

• Present Continuous

  Matt Damon is playing many roles → Many roles are being played by Matt Damon.

• Past Simple

  (played) → (were played)

• Past Continuous

  (was playing) → (were being played)

• Present Perfect Simple

  (has played) → (have been played)

• Past Perfect Simple

  (had played) → (had been played)

• Future Simple

  (will play) → (will be played)

• Modals

  (should play) → (should be played)

• Perfect Modals

  (must have played) → (must have been played)

• Have to

  (has to play) → (have to be played)

• Be going to

  (is going to play) → (are going to be played)

Phrasal Verbs Comunes

• break down: averiarse
• break up: separarse
• carry on: continuar
• check out: comprobar
• check up: hacer averiguaciones
• clean up: limpiar
• come away from: salir
• come up with: proponer
• cool off: refrescarse
• cut down: talar
• deal with: encargarse de
• dispose of: deshacerse de
• drop out: retirarse
• end up: terminar
• feel like: apetecer
• fill in: rellenar
• find out: averiguar
• get along: llevarse bien
• get back: volver
• get in: entrar
• get out: bajarse
• get to: llegar a
• get together: reunirse
• get up: levantarse
• give away: revelar
• give back: devolver
• give up: rendirse
• go down: bajar
• go off: sonar
• go on: ocurrir
• grow apart: distanciarse
• hand over: entregar
• hang out: pasar el tiempo
• keep on: seguir
• leave out: omitir