Fundamentos de Gramática Inglesa: Adjetivos, Verbos y Preguntas Comunes

Adjetivos Posesivos (Possessive Adjectives)

• My: mi
• Your: tu
• His: su (de él)
• Her: su (de ella)
• Its: su (de cosa o animal)
• Our: nuestro/a
• Their: su (de ellos/as)

Respuestas Cortas con 'Be' (Short Answers with 'Be')

• I am: Yes, I am. / No, I'm not.
• You are: Yes, you are. / No, you're not. (o No, you aren't.)
• He is: Yes, he is. / No, he's not. (o No, he isn't.)
• She is: Yes, she is. / No, she's not. (o No, she isn't.)
• It is: Yes, it is. / No, it's not. (o No, it isn't.)
• We are: Yes, we are. / No, we're not. (o No, we aren't.)
• They are: Yes, they are. / No, they're not. (o No, they aren't.)

Profesiones (Jobs)

• Salesperson (vendedor/a): sells clothes – works in a department store.
• Chef (cocinero/a): cooks food – works in a restaurant.
• Flight attendant (azafata/o, auxiliar de vuelo): serves passengers – works for an airline.
• Carpenter (carpintero/a): builds houses – works for a construction company.
• Receptionist (recepcionista): answers the phone – works in an office.
• Nurse (enfermero/a): cares for patients – works in a hospital.

Preguntas 'Wh-' en Presente Simple (Simple Present Wh- Questions)

What do you do? (¿A qué te dedicas? / ¿Qué haces?)

I’m a student, and I have a part-time job. (Soy estudiante y tengo un trabajo a tiempo parcial.)

Where do you work? (¿Dónde trabajas?)

I work at / in a restaurant. (Trabajo en un restaurante.)

Where does Andrea work? (¿Dónde trabaja Andrea?)

She works at Thomas Cook Travel. (Ella trabaja en Thomas Cook Travel.)

Demostrativos y 'One' / 'Ones' (Demonstratives; one, ones)

• How much is this one? / How much is this...? (¿Cuánto cuesta este/a?)
  Which one? (¿Cuál?)
  It’s $...
• How much is that one? / How much is that...? (¿Cuánto cuesta ese/a/aquel/aquella?)
  Which one? (¿Cuál?)
  It’s $...
• How much are these? / How much are these...? (¿Cuánto cuestan estos/as?)
  Which ones? (¿Cuáles?)
  They’re $...
• How much are those? / How much are those...? (¿Cuánto cuestan esos/as/aquellos/aquellas?)
  Which ones? (¿Cuáles?)
  They’re $...

Expresiones Útiles (Useful Expressions)

• That’s cheap. (Está barato. / Es una ganga.)
• That’s reasonable. (Está razonable. / Tiene un precio razonable.)
• That‘s ok / not bad. (Está bien. / No está mal.)
• That’s expensive. (Está caro. / Es caro.)

Preguntas 'Wh-' y Sí/No con 'Do' (Wh- Questions and Yes/No Questions with 'Do')

• Do you like rap? – Yes, I do. I like it a lot. / No, I don’t like it very much.
• Does he play the piano? – Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
• What kind of music do you like? – I like rock a lot.
• What does he play? – He plays the guitar.
• Who do they like? – They like U2.

Pronombres Objeto (Object Pronouns)

• me (Subject: I)
• you (Subject: you)
• him (Subject: he)
• her (Subject: she)
• it (Subject: it)
• us (Subject: we)
• them (Subject: they)

Uso de 'Would' y Verbo + 'to' + Verbo (Would; verb + to + verb)

Would you like to go out Friday? (¿Te gustaría salir el viernes?)

Yes, I would. / Yes, I’d really like to go. (Sí. / Sí, me gustaría mucho ir.)

Would you like to go to a soccer match? (¿Te gustaría ir a un partido de fútbol?)

I’d like to, but I have to work late. (Me gustaría, pero tengo que trabajar hasta tarde.)

I’d like to, but I need to save money. (Me gustaría, pero necesito ahorrar dinero.)

I'd like to, but I want to visit my parents. (Me gustaría, pero quiero visitar a mis padres.)

Presente Continuo (Present Continuous -ing)

Are you living at home now? Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.

Is your sister working for the government? Yes, she is. / No, she’s not. (o No, she isn’t.)

Where are you working now? I'm not working. I need a job.

What is your brother doing these days? He’s travelling in the Amazon.

Who are your parents visiting this week? They’re visiting my grandmother.

Cuantificadores (Quantifiers)

• All: todo/s
• Nearly all: casi todo/s
• Most: la mayoría (de)
• Many: muchos/as
• Some: algunos/as
• A few: unos pocos / unas pocas
• Few: pocos/as
• No one / None: ninguno/a

Adverbios de Frecuencia (Adverbs of Frequency)

How often do you exercise? (¿Con qué frecuencia haces ejercicio?)

• I lift weights every day. (Levanto pesas todos los días.)
• I go jogging once a week. (Salgo a correr una vez a la semana.)
• I play soccer twice a month. (Juego al fútbol dos veces al mes.)
• I swim about three times a year. (Nado unas tres veces al año.)
• I don't exercise very often / much. (No hago ejercicio muy a menudo / mucho.)

Do you ever watch TV in the evening? (¿Alguna vez ves la televisión por la noche?)

• Yes, I often watch TV after dinner. (Sí, a menudo veo la televisión después de cenar.)
• Sometimes I watch TV before bed. (A veces veo la televisión antes de acostarme.)
• I hardly ever watch TV. (Casi nunca veo la televisión.)
• No, I never watch TV. (No, nunca veo la televisión.)

Orden de Frecuencia (aproximado):

1. Always (siempre)
2. Almost always (casi siempre)
3. Usually (normalmente, usualmente)
4. Often (a menudo, frecuentemente)
5. Sometimes (a veces)
6. Hardly ever (casi nunca)
7. Almost never (casi nunca)
8. Never (nunca)