Fundamentos Esenciales de la Gramática Inglesa: Tiempos Verbales, Modales y Sustantivos

Repaso de Tiempos Verbales y Auxiliares

Esta sección cubre el uso del Present Perfect Tense, el Futuro Simple (Will) y el Futuro con Going To, así como los participios pasados esenciales.

1. Son auxiliares del Present Perfect Tense: Have / Has
2. ¿**Are** dogs **going to** eat cookies for cats? Are / going to
3. Tom and Tim **have** helped in the garden. Have
4. Probably, I **will have** a baby next year. (La forma incorrecta sugerida era Will to have). Will have
5. Past participle de *GO*: Gone
6. What **is** he going to say? Is
7. Past participle de *EAT*: Eaten
8. The clouds are black. It **is going to** rain soon. Is going to
9. (A) Have you ever played handball? (B) Yes, I **have**. Have
10. Usado para hablar de algo que hemos decidido hacer en un futuro cercano: Going to
11. My brother **has not eaten** spaghetti. Has not eaten
12. **Will** they finish their homework after 10:00 o'clock? Will
13. Past participle de *RUN*: Run
14. Usado para expresar una acción que comienza en el pasado y que **continúa** en el presente: Present Perfect Tense
15. He **won’t travel** to Huancayo. Won’t travel
16. I **am not going to play** football next summer. Am not going to play
17. (A) **Has** the doctor checked the patients? (B) Yes, he **has**. Has / Has
18. Para formar el Present Perfect Tense, usamos el verbo en: Past participle
19. My sister **won’t be** busy. Won’t be
20. Usado para decir lo que pensamos acerca del **futuro (lejano)**: Future Will

Uso de Verbos Modales

Esta sección se centra en los verbos modales para expresar habilidad, obligación, prohibición y consejo.

1. **Verbo** para expresar **habilidades**: Can
2. Verbo para expresar **obligación externa**: Have to
3. **Past tense** of *Can*: Could
4. Para expresar **prohibición**: Mustn't
5. Para dar **consejos**: Should
6. Mr. Gomez **could** play the guitar very well when I was young. Could
7. My **classmate can** speak French and English very well. Can
8. She **mustn't** smoke here. There is a “**No Smoking**” sign by the door. Mustn't
9. You are always late for class. You **should** get up earlier. Should
10. It's raining **outside**. You **must** take an umbrella. Must
11. The workers **must** wear their **helmets** before they start to work. They **mustn't** enter the **building** without wearing helmets, because it's **dangerous**. Must / Mustn't
12. My friend and I **have to** practice math, because the **exam** is difficult. It **doesn't have to** be answered immediately. Have to / Doesn't have to
13. I am very sick, so I **can't** go out to the cinema. Can't
14. They **couldn't** go shopping yesterday, because the store was closed. Couldn't
15. You **shouldn't** listen to music on your MP3 player when you drive a car. Shouldn't

Sustantivos (Plurales y Contables) y Presente Continuo

Reglas de Sustantivos y Conteo

1. Son aquellos **sustantivos** que tienen plural y singular: Countable Nouns
2. Son aquellos **sustantivos** que no llevan **artículos indefinidos**: Uncountable Nouns
3. Usado para acciones que se dan en el mismo momento en que hablamos: Presente Continuo (Present Continuous)
4. Cuando el sustantivo termina en **consonante + Y**, debemos cambiar la Y por la I, después agregar **-IES** para formar el **plural**. Consonant / -ies
5. Cuando el sustantivo termina en **vocal + Y**, solo agregamos **-S**. Vowel / -s
6. These are **uncountable nouns**: Flour, wine, coffee, milk
7. These are **countable nouns** (o 'not uncountable nouns'): Car, eggs, books, tomato
8. **Plural** of *video*: Videos
9. **Plural** of *wife*: Wives
10. **Plural** of *mouse*: Mice

Reglas y Ejemplos del Presente Continuo

6. En el **Presente Continuo**, cuando el verbo termina en **-IE**, se cambia por la **Y** y luego se agrega **-ING**. Y / -ing
7. En el **Presente Continuo**, se duplica la única **consonante** cuando el verbo tiene la estructura: Consonant / Vowel / Consonant (CVC)
8. **Is** Mr. Smith **flying** to Cusco right now? Is / flying
9. **Children are doing** their homework. Are / doing
10. **Are** my sister and I **getting** up very early? Are / getting

Cuantificadores y Medidas

17. A **jar** of honey. Jar
18. A **slice** of cake. Slice
19. A **bag** of rice. Bag
20. A **can** of tuna. Can