Estructuras Gramaticales y Vocabulario Esencial en Inglés: Condicionales, Pasiva, Indirecto y Expresiones

Estructuras Gramaticales Clave en Inglés

Condicionales

• If + Present Simple - Future Simple (will/may/might + base form)
• If + Past Simple - Conditional Simple (would/could/might + base form)
• If + Past Perfect - Conditional Perfect (would have/could have/might have + past participle)

Desiderativas (Wishes / If Only)

• Wish / If only + Past Simple (para expresar descontento con una situación actual)
• Wish / If only + Past Perfect (para expresar arrepentimiento sobre una acción o situación pasada)
• Wish / If only + would / could + base form (para expresar deseo de que algo ocurra en el futuro o cambie)

Voz Pasiva

• Present Simple: writes -> is/are written
• Past Simple: wrote -> was/were written
• Future Simple: will write -> will be written
• Present Continuous: is writing -> is/are being written
• Past Continuous: was writing -> was/were being written
• Present Perfect: has written -> has/have been written
• Past Perfect: had written -> had been written
• Modal Simple: should write -> should be written
• Modal Perfect: must have written -> must have been written
• Semi-modal: has to write -> has/have to be written
• Future (going to): is going to write -> is/are going to be written

Estilo Indirecto (Reported Speech) - Cambios Verbales

• Present Simple (eat) -> Past Simple (ate)
• Past Simple (ate) -> Past Perfect (had eaten)
• Future Simple (will eat) -> Conditional Simple (would eat)
• Present Continuous (are eating) -> Past Continuous (were eating)
• Past Continuous (were eating) -> Past Perfect Continuous (had been eating)
• Present Perfect (have eaten) -> Past Perfect (had eaten)
• Present Perfect Continuous (have been eating) -> Past Perfect Continuous (had been eating)
• Past Perfect (had eaten) -> Past Perfect (had eaten) - Sin cambio
• Past Perfect Continuous (had been eating) -> Past Perfect Continuous (had been eating) - Sin cambio

Vocabulario y Expresiones

Phrasal Verbs y Expresiones con 'Run'

• run an errand - hacer un recado
• run in the family - venir de familia
• run wild - moverse sin control, descontrolarse
• running a risk - correr un riesgo
• run short - quedarse sin
• running a temperature - tener fiebre

Phrasal Verbs y Expresiones con 'Come'

• come round - venir a dar una vuelta, visitar; recobrar el conocimiento
• come through - sobrevivir, superar
• come apart - romperse, deshacerse
• come down on - criticar duramente
• come up with - ocurrírsele (una idea), proponer
• come across - encontrar por casualidad, toparse con

Phrasal Verbs y Expresiones con 'Stand'

• stand by - apoyar, estar al lado de
• stand up to - hacer frente a, enfrentarse a
• stand up - levantarse; dejar plantado a alguien
• stand in for - sustituir a
• stand for - significar, representar; tolerar
• stand out - destacar

Expresiones Idiomáticas sobre Comunicación

• speak their mind - expresar su opinión
• like talking to a brick wall - como hablarle a la pared
• straight from the horse's mouth - de primera mano, de fuente directa
• don't breathe a word - no decir ni una palabra
• get a word in edgewise - poder meter baza, conseguir decir algo
• I'm all ears - soy todo oídos
• beat about the bush - andarse con rodeos

Otras Expresiones y Vocabulario Útil

• burst into tears - romper a llorar
• change for the better - cambiar a mejor
• go too far - ir demasiado lejos, pasarse
• as long as - siempre y cuando, mientras
• boarding school - internado
• cope with - hacer frente a, lidiar con
• appreciate - apreciar, valorar; agradecer
• put away - guardar, ordenar
• annoyed - molesto, enfadado
• hesitate - dudar, vacilar
• on display - a la vista, expuesto
• matter - asunto, cuestión; importar
• privacy - privacidad, intimidad
• disapproval - desaprobación
• preferable - preferible
• signal - señal; señalizar
• value - valor; valorar
• switch off - apagar; desconectar (mentalmente)
• deals - ofertas, tratos
• miss out on - perderse algo, dejar pasar
• crowded - lleno de gente, abarrotado
• pavement - acera (UK), pavimento (US)
• assortment - surtido, variedad
• bottom line - resumiendo, en conclusión; el resultado final
• crave - tener antojo de, ansiar
• disruptive - perturbador, problemático
• drop - reducir, bajar; dejar caer
• enrol - inscribirse, matricularse
• imbalance - desequilibrio
• inmate - preso, recluso
• lack - carecer de, faltar
• liable - propenso a; responsable (legalmente)
• measure - medir; medida
• nourishing - nutritivo
• pill - píldora, pastilla
• point out - señalar, indicar
• rage - ataque de ira, furia
• rate - índice, tasa; ritmo
• remarkable - destacable, notable
• ruin - arruinar, estropear
• severe - grave, severo
• staff - personal, empleados
• sweat - sudar; sudor
• treat - tratar; convite, capricho