Essential English Lexicon: Vocabulary and Phrasal Verbs for Fluency

Essential English Lexicon: Vocabulary and Phrasal Verbs

This document provides a comprehensive collection of **essential English vocabulary** and **phrasal verbs**, designed to enhance your understanding and fluency. Each term is presented with its Spanish equivalent, and many phrasal verbs include practical examples to illustrate their usage in context.

I. Core Vocabulary

Expand your lexicon with these fundamental terms, categorized for easier learning.

A. Relationships and Emotions

• breakup - separarse
• common interests - intereses comunes
• couple - pareja
• date - cita
• fall in love with - enamorarse de
• feel comfortable with - estar a gusto
• fond of - cariño a
• jealous of - envidioso
• keep in touch - estar en contacto
• loyalty - lealtad
• pleased for - alegre por
• pleased with - satisfecho con
• proud of - orgulloso de
• relative - pariente
• sense of humour - sentido del humor
• share common interests - compartir los mismos intereses
• sorry about - sentir pena por
• trust - confianza

B. Health and Well-being

• balanced meal - comida equilibrada
• catch a cold - resfriarse
• comfort - consuelo
• diet - dieta
• exhaust - agotar
• gain weight - engordar
• healthy - sano
• light meal - comida ligera
• lose weight - adelgazar
• weight - peso

C. Character and Work

• assistance - ayuda
• courageous - valiente
• friendly - simpático
• helpful - atento
• overtime - horas extras

II. Essential Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verbs are crucial for natural English communication. This section lists common phrasal verbs with their meanings and examples.

• Agree with: estar de acuerdo
• Answer back: replicar
• Back out: volverse atrás
• Back up: apoyar
• Be after: querer
• Be along: llegar
• Be back: regresar
• Be fed up: estar harto
• Be for: ser partidario de
• Be in: estar en casa
• Be over: terminarse
• Be up to: depender de uno
• Blow up: estallar (también: hinchar, echar una bronca a uno)
• Break down: averiarse
• Break in: entrar rompiendo la puerta
• Break up: separarse (una pareja)
• Bring back: devolver
• Bring on: ocasionar
• Bring up: educar
• Carry out: cumplir
• Clear up: aclarar
• Do with: tener que ver con
• Do without: pasarse sin
• Find out: averiguar
• Fix up: fijar
• Get along / Get on: llevarse bien con uno
• Get away: escaparse
• Get away with: quedarse sin castigo
• Get off: apearse, bajar
• Get on: subir
• Get through: comunicarse por teléfono
• Give away: regalar
• Give back: devolver
• Give out: repartir
• Give up: dejar de, rendirse
• Go ahead: continuar, seguir (adelante)
  • Example 1: "May I use your telephone?" - "Please go ahead."
  • Example 2: "We have decided not to go ahead with the project, after all."
• Go away: irse, salir de la ciudad
  • Example: "Are you going away for Christmas?"
• Go by: pasar, transcurrir
  • Example: "As the months went by, he got accustomed to the daily routine."
• Go on: durar, continuar
  • Example: "It looks as though this war will go on forever."
• Go through: sufrir, resistir
  • Example: "No one knows what I went through while I was waiting for the verdict."
• Go through: examinar, revisar, inspeccionar
  • Example: "Let's go through the details of the plan once more."
• Grow up: hacerse adulto, educar
  • Example: "What are you going to do when you grow up?"
• Hang on: esperar
  • Example: "Just hang on a second while I do up my dress."
• Hold on: esperar
  • Example: "If you hold on a moment, madam, I'll go and see if Mr. Jones is free."
• Keep off: no dejar acercarse
  • Example: "Keep off the grass" (sign displayed in public parks).
• Keep on: seguir, insistir en
  • Example: "Why do you have to keep on bothering me?"
• Keep out: no permitir entrar, pasar
  • Example: "Private. Keep out" (notice on the door).
• Let down: fallar a uno
  • Example: "I'll do everything I can to help you. I won't let you down."
• Let in: dejar entrar
• Look after: cuidar de
• Look out: ¡ten cuidado!
• Make up: inventarse, maquillarse