English Language Essentials: Vocabulary & Grammar for Intermediate Learners
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Key Vocabulary and Essential Expressions
- To treat – tratar
- Sense of belonging – sentimiento de pertenencia
- To feel left out – sentirse rechazado
- To reach – alcanzar
- To get along – llevarse bien
- To take advantage of – aprovecharse de
- To share – compartir
- To lend – prestar
- To be in charge of – estar a cargo de
- Well-being – bienestar
- To be willing to – estar dispuesto a
- Ancient – antiguo
- Afterwards – posteriormente
- To lay eggs – poner huevos
- Path – sendero
- Slum – barrio bajo
- Income – ingresos económicos
- Homeless – sin casa
- Gang – pandilla
- Crime rate – tasa de delincuencia
- Suburb – barrio residencial
- Commute – ir y volver todos los días a trabajar
- Traffic jam – atasco de tráfico
- Litter – basura
- Unemployment – paro
- Poverty – pobreza
- Mayor – alcalde
Vocabulary and Notes: 4th ESO, Lesson 2
- Trivia – información curiosa
- Relative – pariente
- Throne – trono
- Reign – reinado
- Army – ejército
- To rule – mandar, gobernar
- Advisor – consejero
- Heir – heredero (Note: Similar pronunciation to 'hour', 'honour', 'honest')
- Ally – aliado
- Downfall – caída del poder
- Plot – conspiración, argumento
- Fate – destino
- Loyalty – lealtad
- Treason – traición
- Outbreak – estallido (comienzo de una guerra)
- Outstanding – sobresaliente
- Award – premio
- Threat – amenaza
- Huge – enorme
- Kingdom – reino
- To last – durar
- Struggle – lucha, pelea
- To raise – criar
- Tool – herramienta
- Embarrassed – avergonzado
- Costumes – vestuario
- Main character – personaje principal
- Twist – giro inesperado del argumento (For example, in "The Jewel of the Nile," everyone thought the jewel was a diamond or something similar, but it turned out to be a man.)
- Setting – escenario, marco de una historia
- Cast – reparto de una película
- Soundtrack – banda sonora
- Ratings – valoraciones
- Evil – malvado
- Fairy – hada
- Royal – real (de una monarquía)
- Widow – viuda
- Loveless – sin amor
- To encourage – animar, incentivar
- Foreigner – extranjero
- Lighter – encendedor
- String – cuerda, cordel
- To chop – cortar, trocear
- Bet – apuesta
- Nail – clavo
- To forfeit – renunciar a algo
- It's a deal! – ¡Trato hecho!
- Determined – decidido
- Insane – demente
- To count aloud – contar en voz alta
- To gather – reunirse, juntarse
- Seat belt – cinturón de seguridad
- To cope – lidiar con un problema
- To surface – emerger, salir a la luz
- To ban – prohibir
Grammar Focus: Understanding SOME, ANY, and NO
Important Reminder!
1. Compound Forms with SOME, ANY, and NO
Remember that SOME, ANY, and NO combine with suffixes like -body, -one, -thing, and -where to form compound pronouns and adverbs (e.g., somebody, anything, nowhere). These compounds function as single words and should not be separated (e.g., do not write 'some body' instead of 'somebody').
2. Usage of SOME
- SOME: Used for 'some amount' or 'a certain number' in affirmative sentences.
- In questions, SOME is used when you are offering something, asking for something, or expecting a 'yes' answer.
- Example: I need some books for school.
- Example: Mum, can you give me some money? (This implies you expect to receive it, e.g., for school supplies.)
3. Usage of ANY
- ANY: Used for 'any amount' or 'any number' in questions and 'not any' or 'none' in negative sentences.
- In affirmative sentences, ANY means 'any/every' or 'it doesn't matter which'.
- Example: Have you got any money?
- Example: We could go to the cinema because we haven't got any homework.
- Example: Anything is better than doing homework!