Dominio de Tiempos Verbales Esenciales en Inglés: Presente Simple, Pasado Simple y Continuo
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Tiempos Verbales Fundamentales en Inglés
Esta referencia rápida cubre las estructuras esenciales de los tiempos verbales más utilizados en inglés: el Presente Simple, el Pasado Simple y el Presente Continuo.
1. Presente Simple (Simple Present) del Verbo 'To Be'
El Presente Simple del verbo 'To Be' (ser o estar) es fundamental para la construcción de frases básicas. Recuerde que 'To Be' es irregular y no utiliza el auxiliar 'Do'/'Does' para la negación o la interrogación.
| Forma Afirmativa | Forma Negativa | Forma Interrogativa |
|---|---|---|
| I am (I'm) | I am not (I'm not) | Am I? |
| You are (You're) | You are not (You aren't) | Are you? |
| He/She/It is (He's/She's/It's) | He/She/It is not (He/She/It isn't) | Is he/she/it? |
| We are (We're) | We are not (We aren't) | Are we? |
| They are (They're) | They are not (They aren't) | Are they? |
2. Pasado Simple (Simple Past) del Verbo 'To Be'
El Pasado Simple de 'To Be' se utiliza para describir estados o situaciones pasadas.
| Forma Afirmativa | Forma Negativa | Forma Interrogativa |
|---|---|---|
| I was | I was not (I wasn't) | Was I? |
| You were | You were not (You weren't) | Were you? |
| He/She/It was | He/She/It was not (He/She/It wasn't) | Was he/she/it? |
| We were | We were not (We weren't) | Were we? |
| They were | They were not (They weren't) | Were they? |
3. Pasado Simple (Simple Past) del Verbo 'To Have'
El verbo 'To Have' (tener/haber) en pasado simple utiliza el auxiliar 'Did' para formar la negación y la interrogación, volviendo el verbo principal a su forma base (have).
| Forma Afirmativa | Forma Negativa | Forma Interrogativa |
|---|---|---|
| I had | I did not have (I didn't have) | Did I have? |
| You had | You did not have (You didn't have) | Did you have? |
| He/She/It had | He/She/It did not have (He/She/It didn't have) | Did he/she/it have? |
| We had | We did not have (We didn't have) | Did we have? |
| They had | They did not have (They didn't have) | Did they have? |
4. Presente Continuo (Present Continuous)
El Presente Continuo se utiliza para describir acciones que están ocurriendo en el momento de hablar. Su estructura es: Sujeto + Verbo 'To Be' (en presente) + Verbo Principal + -ing.
4.1. Forma Afirmativa
- I'm talking. (Estoy hablando.)
- He's eating. (Está comiendo.)
- They're learning. (Están aprendiendo.)
4.2. Forma Negativa
Se añade not después del verbo 'To Be'.
- I'm not talking. (No estoy hablando.)
- He's not [He isn't] eating. (No está comiendo.)
- They're not [They aren't] learning. (No están aprendiendo.)
4.3. Forma Interrogativa
Se invierte el orden del sujeto y el verbo 'To Be'.
- Are you talking? (¿Estás hablando?)
- Is he eating? (¿Está comiendo?)
- Are they learning? (¿Están aprendiendo?)
5. Uso del Presente Continuo para Planes Futuros
El Presente Continuo también se utiliza para hablar de planes o arreglos futuros ya confirmados, a menudo acompañado de expresiones de tiempo futuro.
- I'm going to the party tonight. (Voy a la fiesta esta noche.)
- He's not [He isn't] coming to class tomorrow. (No viene a la clase mañana.)
- Are you working next week? (¿Trabajas la semana que viene?)
6. Formación del Pasado Simple: Verbos Regulares e Irregulares
Para formar el Pasado Simple de la mayoría de los verbos, se distinguen dos categorías:
| Verbos Regulares (Base + -ed) | Verbos Irregulares (Cambio de Forma) |
|---|---|
| play → played | swim → swam |
| watch → watched | do → did |
| arrive → arrived | win → won |
| want → wanted | see → saw |
| need → needed | go → went |
| start → started | buy → bought |