Dominando la Gramática Inglesa: Tiempos Verbales, Modales y Más

Tiempos Verbales en Inglés

Presente

• Present Simple: work/s. Se usa para acciones habituales o hechos generales.
• Present Continuous: Expresa lo que está pasando en el momento de hablar. (now, right now)

Pasado

• Past Simple: finished o 2ª columna/did. Acciones acabadas en un momento concreto del pasado.
• Past Continuous: was visiting. Describe lo que estaba ocurriendo en un momento específico del pasado. (when, while, as)
• Past Perfect Simple: had arrived. Indica una acción que ocurrió antes que otra en pasado simple. (already, by the time, after, before, until, never, just)

Presente Perfecto

• Present Perfect Simple: have lived. Acciones que empezaron en el pasado y aún continúan. (never, ever, already, just, yet, for, since)

Futuro

• Will: Predicciones, hablar de un horario establecido.
• Going to: Expresa intenciones, planes y decisiones.
• Future Perfect Simple: will have eaten. Indica que una acción habrá acabado en un momento determinado del futuro.
• Future Continuous: will be travelling. Expresa lo que estará ocurriendo en un momento determinado del futuro.

Pronombres Relativos

• who/that: Para personas.
• which/that: Para cosas o animales.
• whose: Posesión.
• when/that: Para tiempo.
• where: Para lugar.

Verbos Modales

• Can: poder.
• Be able to: ser capaz de.
• Can't: no poder.
• Could: podría.
• May/Might: poder (futuro).
• Should/ought to: deber (obligación).
• Need to: necesitar.
• Have to: deber.
• Must: deber (obligación).
• Mustn't: no deber (obligación).
• Don't have to: no tener que.
• Needn't have to: no tienes que.
• Would: (pedir u ofrecer algo de manera educada).

Modales Perfectos

modal + have + participio (acciones en pasado)

Oraciones Condicionales

• Zero Conditional: if + present - present (verdades generales o hechos científicos).
• First Conditional: if + present - future (probable, indica un presente real o futuro).
• Second Conditional: if + past simple - would (improbable, indica un presente no real o consejo).
• Third Conditional: if + past perfect - would/could/might + have + past participle (imposible, indica un pasado no real).

Voz Pasiva

• conduct/is.are conducted
• conducted/was.were conducted
• will conduct/will be conducted
• are conducting/is.are being conducted
• were conducting/was.were being conducted
• have conducted/has.have been conducted
• had conducted/had been conducted
• should conduct/should be conducted
• could have conducted/could have been conducted
• have to conduct/have.has to be conducted
• are going to conduct/are.is going to be conducted

Ejemplo de Pasiva

They will give ten people free concert tickets:

• Directa: Free concert tickets will be given to ten people.
• Indirecta: Ten people will be given free concert tickets.

Estilo Indirecto (Reported Speech)

• eat/ate
• ate/had eaten
• will eat/would eat
• are eating/were eating
• were eating/had been eating
• have eaten/had eaten
• have been eating/had been eating
• had eaten/had eaten
• had been eating/had been eating

Cambios Modales

• can/could
• may/might
• must/must
• have to/had to
• will/would

Cambios de Palabras

• now/then
• today/that day
• tonight/that night
• yesterday/the previous day
• last week/the previous week
• a month ago/the previous month
• tomorrow/the following day
• next week/the week after
• here/there
• this/that
• these/those
• our/their

Preguntas, Órdenes y Sugerencias

• Preguntas: ask + if.
• Órdenes: tell/order + to infinitivo.
• Sugerencias: suggested + that + verbo igual.

Gerundio e Infinitivo

Gerundio

Después de una preposición, cuando el verbo es el sujeto.

Negativa: not + gerundio

Infinitivo

Después de adjetivos y para explicar el objetivo de una acción.

Negativa: not + infinitivo

Used to, Be used to, Get used to

• Used to: solía.
• Be used to: estar acostumbrado: to be.
• Get used to: proceso de acostumbrarse: get.