Dominando la Gramática Inglesa: Tiempos Verbales, Condicionales, Reported Speech y Voz Pasiva

Guía Completa de Gramática Inglesa: Tiempos Verbales, Condicionales, Reported Speech y Voz Pasiva

Tiempos Verbales

• Present Simple: I work / do
• Present Continuous: is/are + ing
• Past Simple: ed / did
• Past Continuous: was/were + ing
• Present Perfect: has/have + past participle (ED/been)
• Present Perfect Continuous: has/have + been + ing
• Past Perfect: had + past participle (ED)
• Past Perfect Continuous: had + been + ing
• Future Going To: (para planes)
• Future Simple: will
• Future Perfect Continuous: will + be + ing
• Future Perfect Simple: will + have + past participle ed
• Future in the Past: was/were going to + infinitive

Condicionales

• Tipo 0: if + present / present
• Tipo 1: if + present / will
• Tipo 2: if + past / would
• Tipo 3: if + had + -ed / would have + past participle

Reported Speech (Estilo Indirecto)

• Directo / Indirecto
• Is seeing / was seeing
• Sees / saw
• Saw / saw o had seen
• Will see / would see
• Is going to see / was going to see
• Can see / could see
• Here / there
• This / that
• These / those
• Now / then
• Today / that day
• Yesterday / the previous day
• Tomorrow / the next day

Ejemplos de Reported Speech

"It is raining", she said - She said that it was raining.

Pregunta: "Has Sara ever been to Siena?" He asked - He asked if Sara had ever been to Siena.

Órdenes y Sugerencias en Reported Speech

"Shut up, everybody!" said the teacher - The teacher told everybody to shut up. (To delante del verbo y told en lugar de said si es una orden o sugerencia).

Voz Pasiva

Tense / Active / Passive

• Present Simple / I write a letter / A letter is written
• Past Simple / I wrote a letter / A letter was written
• Present Continuous / I am writing a letter / A letter is being written
• Past Continuous / I was writing a letter / A letter was being written
• Present Perfect / I have written a letter / A letter has been written
• Past Perfect / I had written a letter / A letter had been written
• Future Simple / I will write a letter / A letter will be written
• Be going to / I am going to write a letter / A letter is going to be written
• Have-Should-Must / I have to write a letter / A letter has to be written
• Simple Conditional / I would write a letter / A letter would be written
• Perfect Conditional / I would have written a letter / A letter would have been written
• Infinitive / To write / To be written
• Perfect Infinitive / Have written / Have been written

Verbos Modales

• Can: Para expresar habilidad o capacidad, hacer peticiones, dar y pedir permiso, sugerencias (saber-poder).
• Be able to: Futuro de can.
• Could: Habilidad que tenías en el pasado.
• Was/were able to: Algo que lograste hacer con esfuerzo, acción del pasado.
• Can't: Imposibilidad de presente, falta de habilidad.
• Could have + participio: Indica que pudiste haber hecho algo en el pasado pero no lo hiciste.
• Must: Obligación solo se usa en el presente, deber de, tener que.
• Mustn't: Prohibición.
• Have to: Se usa para expresar obligación en los demás tiempos verbales.
• Don't have to: Ausencia de obligación, no tener que.
• Need: Se usa en afirmativa, necesito.
• Needn't: Significa que no es necesario hacer algo, sujeto + needn't + verbo infinitivo sin to.
• Needn't have: Significa que has hecho la acción aunque no fue necesario, sujeto + needn't have + participio.
• May/might: Posibilidad de futuro, podría.
• Will: Futuro, voluntad o determinación.
• Should: Obligación o recomendación.
• Used to: Se usa para hábitos que pasaban en el pasado pero ya no.
• To be used to doing: Depende del verbo to be es pasado o presente.
• To get used to doing: Acostumbrarse.