Chuletas y apuntes de Inglés de Bachillerato y Selectividad

Verbos Modales Esenciales en Inglés

Los verbos modales se utilizan para expresar funciones como obligación, posibilidad, habilidad o consejo.

Categorías y Usos de los Modales

• Obligación: must, have to
• Prohibición: mustn’t, can’t / couldn’t
• Obligación (no necesaria): don't have to, needn’t
• Habilidad: can / could, be able to, may (posibilidad)
• Petición (Request): can / could, will / would
• Posibilidad: may (más probable), might, could
• Consejo (Advice): should / shouldn’t, ought to / ought not to
• Sugerencia: shall...?, can / could
• Deducción: must / can’t

Phrasal Verbs Comunes (Verbos Frasales)

Los phrasal verbs son combinaciones de un verbo y una preposición o adverbio que cambian el significado original del verbo.

Listado de Phrasal Verbs

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Estructuras Condicionales en Inglés

Tipo 0 y Tipo 1: Realidad y Posibilidad

Tipo 0 (PRESENTE-PRESENTE): Se utiliza para verdades universales o hechos que son siempre ciertos.

• Ejemplo: Si calientas mantequilla, se derrite. If you boil butter, it melts.

Tipo 1 (PRESENTE-IMPERATIVO / PRESENTE-FUTURO): Se utiliza para situaciones posibles en el presente o futuro.

• PRESENTE-IMPERATIVO: Si tienes calor, abre la ventana. If you are hot, open the door.
• PRESENTE-FUTURO: Si estudias, aprobarás. If you study, you will pass.

Tipo 2: Hipótesis (Situaciones Improbables o Irreales en el Presente)

PASADO SIMPLE - CONDICIONAL SIMPLE (would + infinitive):

• Ejemplo: Si tú estudiaras, tú aprobarías. If you studied, you would pass.

Tipo 3: Irrealidad del Pasado (Situaciones

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1According to mr murthwaite,who were the three jugglers who appeared on the terrace during rachel`s party?the three jugglers were brahmin priests .2according to what the shopkeeper told sergeant cuff,why did rosanna buy the piece of cloth?rosanna bought the piece of cloth to make a nightgown for herself.3after what happened to godfrey ablewhite and septimus luker,what did people suspect them of doing?the people say that the three unknown men who searched and tied you up are the three indians and they also say that the valuable ge mis the moonstone .4after lady verinder´s death,who became rachel´s guardian ¿lady verinder requested that her brother in law ,godfrey ablewhite´s father,become rachel´s guardian,until rachel Esther married... Continuar leyendo "Chuleta" »

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Transformación del Discurso Directo al Indirecto (Reported Speech)

En el 'Reported Speech', transformamos las palabras de alguien a nuestra propia narración. Aquí te mostramos las principales conversiones:

Cambios Verbales Clave

• Present Simple → Past Simple
• Present Continuous → Past Continuous
• Past Simple → Past Perfect
• Will → Would
• Can → Could
• May → Might
• Must → Had to

Pronombres

• I → MY
• YOU → YOUR
• HE → HIS
• SHE → HER
• WE → US
• YOU → YOUR
• THEY → THEM

Condicionales

• 1. If + Present Simple / Will
• 2. If + Past Simple / Would + Infinitivo
• 3. If + Past Perfect / Would + Have + Participio

Vocabulario Esencial

Aquí tienes una lista de vocabulario útil:

• You're last expecting: Cuando menos te lo esperas
• Sick: Mareado
• Sight: Vista
• Taste: Gusto
• Smell:

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Heidemarie Schwermer: A Life Without Money

Have you ever imagined living without any money? Impossible? Heidemarie Schwermer is one of the few people in Europe who has never touched a euro, and she doesn’t think she ever will. She first started thinking about the idea in 1994 when she set up a barter group in Dortmund, Germany. The principle of the group was that all work is equally valuable, so, for example, you could exchange a maths class for a haircut or do some babysitting in exchange for a few hours of gardening. However, she didn’t feel this was enough. She wanted to demonstrate that a different world was possible. In 1996 she gave away all her possessions, including her flat, and her life has changed completely since then. She doesn’t... Continuar leyendo "Heidemarie Schwermer: La Vida Sin Dinero y la Filosofía del Trueque" »

Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar

Vocabulary

• Amazement, surprise = asombro, sorpresa
• Fool, idiot = tonto, idiota
• Figures, numbers = cifras, números
• Doubt, distrust = duda, desconfianza
• Range, variety = rango, variedad
• Funny story, joke = gracioso, broma
• Provide for, cater for = prever, dirigirse a
• Shown, broadcast = demostrado, emisión
• Show in a cinema, screen = mostrar en una sala de cine; pantalla, cine, trama, tablón, proteger, cubrir, tapar, proyectar
• Obstacles, barriers = obstáculos, barreras
• A way of doing something, a means = una manera de hacer algo, un medio
• Range of = rango de
• Means of = medios de
• Appeal to = gustar, atraer, llamar a
• Taste = sabor, gusto, gustar, probar, reconocer
• Brand = marca
• Shocking = espantoso
• Relaxing = relajado
• Amusement

... Continuar leyendo "Essential English Vocabulary and Grammar: Passive Voice, American vs British, Infinitives & Prepositions" »

Dominando las Colocaciones con "Do" en Inglés

El verbo "do" se utiliza para acciones generales, tareas, actividades no específicas y para referirse a trabajos o deberes. A continuación, se presentan algunas de sus colocaciones más comunes con ejemplos prácticos:

• do anything (hacer algo) -> He didn't do anything yesterday.
• do a job (hacer un trabajo) -> I do a job every summer.
• do badly (hacer mal) -> Doing badly is better than doing nothing.
• do nothing (no hacer nada) -> We do nothing in class.
• do a burp (tirarse un eructo) -> James did a burp in a bar.
• do a painting (hacer un dibujo) -> They did a painting in class.
• do business (hacer negocios) -> I do business in luxury restaurants.
• do right (hacer lo correcto) -> They

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Morfología del Verbo Latino: Modo Indicativo

A continuación, se desglosan los componentes morfológicos de los verbos latinos en los tiempos de presente, imperfecto y futuro del modo indicativo, diferenciando entre la voz activa y la pasiva.

Tiempo	Lexema (Ejemplo)	Vocal Temática	Morfema Temporal/Modal	Desinencias Voz Activa	Desinencias Voz Pasiva
Presente	am- (1ª conj.)	-a-	Ø	-o / -m -s -t -mus -tis -nt	-or / -r -ris (-re) -tur -mur -mini -ntur
	ten- (2ª conj.)	-e-
	dic- (3ª conj.)	-i- / -u-
	cap- (mixta)	-i- / -u-
	aud- (4ª conj.)	-i- / -u-
Imperfecto	am-	-a-	-BA-	-m -s -t -mus -tis -nt	-r -ris (-re) -tur -mur -mini -ntur
	ten-	-e-
	dic-	-e-
	cap-	-ie-
	aud-	-ie-
Futuro	am- (1ª conj.)	-a-	-B- (con vocales de unión -i-/-u-)	-o / -m -s -t -mus -tis -nt	-or / -r -ris (-re) -tur -mur -mini -ntur
	ten- (2ª conj.

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Debates on Modern Life and Social Responsibility

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1. Childbearing After 45: Risks and Lifestyle

Is having children after the age of 45 advisable? No, it is very difficult because a woman's fertility declines significantly earlier.

Doctors state that having children after 45 is dangerous for women. There are risks that both the mother and the child may face complications or even death during childbirth. Physicians advise that the optimal age range for childbearing is between 20 and 35 years.

And if, hypothetically, you did have a child at that age, would you truly enjoy raising them? At 45, most people are heavily focused on their careers. Furthermore, at that age, they may not possess the same energy or capacity to care for a newborn child.

Conclusion

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