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PRESENT SIMPLE:
.Acciones habituales
.hechos verdades generales, afirmaciones aprobadas científicamente
.con stative verbs
.horarios y programas
PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
.decir lo k esta ocurriendo
.acciones prolongadas k están en proceso todavía
.para hablar sobre el futuro próximo
.para quejarse de acciones monótonas y repetidas
Affirmative: I am going
Negative: I am not going
Interrogative: Am I going?
PAST SIMPLE:
.hablar del pasado
.expresar que varias acciones ocurrieron consecutivamente en el pasado
.contar como era algo en l pasado
.indicar que una acción corta interrumpió otra en proceso
Affirmative: she worked
Negative: she didnt/ did not work
Interrogative: Did she work?
PAST CONTINUOUS:
.decir que esta ocurriendo en un momento especifico del pasado
.cuando una acción larga en el pasado fue interrumpida por otra acción corta
.expresar dos acciones que ocurrían simultáneamente en el pasado
.al referirnos a acciones pasadas monótonas, denotando que nos desagradan
Affirmative: I was working
Negative: I wasnt working
Interrogative: was I working?
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
.hablar sobre acciones pasadas recientes o no, cuyos efectos son visibles en el momento actual
.acciones que empezaron en el presente.
.referirnos a una acción pasada sin especificar el momento exacto en que ocurrió
.expresar una acción que acaba de ocurrir
Affirmative: she has talked
Negative: she hasnt talked
Interrogative: has she talked?
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
.indicar que una acción ocurrió antes que otra también pasada
Affirmative: you had eaten, performed
Negative: you hadnt/had not eaten
Interrogative: Had you eaten?
RELATIVE CLAUSES
DEFINING:
Aportan información esencial sobre su antecedente de manera que sin ellas el sentido de la frase que daría incompleta.
Who: personas Hes the fire-fighter who save my life
Which: objetos This is the building which was damaged
That: persona o cosa
Whose: posesión Mary is the tornado chaser whose car broke down
When: tiempo I remember the day when I happened very well
Where: lugar this is the fire station where I work
NON-DEFINING
Oraciones explicativas, solo añaden información extra sobre el antecedente.
Tom, who always wears a SEAT belt, survived the car accident
FUTURE SIMPLE
.hacer predicciones sobre hechos futuros
.hablar de horarios y planes en un futuro próximo
.cuando se toma una decisión repentina en el momento en el que se esta hablando
Affirmative: You will stop
Negative: you will not/ wont stop
Interrogative: will you stop?
BE GOING TO
.hablar sobre planes o intenciones en el futuro próximo
.indicar que algo esta a punto de ocurrir
Affirmative: I am going to do
Negative: I am not going to do
Interrogative: Am I going to do?
FUTURE PERFECT
.indicar que una acción habrá terminado en un momento concreto del futuro
Affirmative: you will have stopped
Negative: you will not/wont stopped
Interrogative: will you stopped?
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
.para expresar lo que estará ocurriendo en un momento determinado del futuro
Affirmative: you will be travelling
Negative: you will not/wont travelling
Interrogative: will you be travelling?
REPORTED SPEECH
Directreported
Present simple acts acted
Past simple acted had acted
Future simple will act would act
Present continuous is acting was acting
Past continuous was acting had been acting
Present perf simpl has acted had acted
Present perf contin has been acting had been acting
Past perf simpl had acted had acted
Past perf contin had been acting had been acting
Modal:
Direct-reported
Can could
May might
Must must/had to
Will would
Now then
Today that day
Yesterday previous day
Last week previous week
Tomorrow following day
Next week following day
Here there
This that
These those
.Acciones habituales
.hechos verdades generales, afirmaciones aprobadas científicamente
.con stative verbs
.horarios y programas
PRESENT CONTINUOUS:
.decir lo k esta ocurriendo
.acciones prolongadas k están en proceso todavía
.para hablar sobre el futuro próximo
.para quejarse de acciones monótonas y repetidas
Affirmative: I am going
Negative: I am not going
Interrogative: Am I going?
PAST SIMPLE:
.hablar del pasado
.expresar que varias acciones ocurrieron consecutivamente en el pasado
.contar como era algo en l pasado
.indicar que una acción corta interrumpió otra en proceso
Affirmative: she worked
Negative: she didnt/ did not work
Interrogative: Did she work?
PAST CONTINUOUS:
.decir que esta ocurriendo en un momento especifico del pasado
.cuando una acción larga en el pasado fue interrumpida por otra acción corta
.expresar dos acciones que ocurrían simultáneamente en el pasado
.al referirnos a acciones pasadas monótonas, denotando que nos desagradan
Affirmative: I was working
Negative: I wasnt working
Interrogative: was I working?
PRESENT PERFECT SIMPLE
.hablar sobre acciones pasadas recientes o no, cuyos efectos son visibles en el momento actual
.acciones que empezaron en el presente.
.referirnos a una acción pasada sin especificar el momento exacto en que ocurrió
.expresar una acción que acaba de ocurrir
Affirmative: she has talked
Negative: she hasnt talked
Interrogative: has she talked?
PAST PERFECT SIMPLE
.indicar que una acción ocurrió antes que otra también pasada
Affirmative: you had eaten, performed
Negative: you hadnt/had not eaten
Interrogative: Had you eaten?
RELATIVE CLAUSES
DEFINING:
Aportan información esencial sobre su antecedente de manera que sin ellas el sentido de la frase que daría incompleta.
Who: personas Hes the fire-fighter who save my life
Which: objetos This is the building which was damaged
That: persona o cosa
Whose: posesión Mary is the tornado chaser whose car broke down
When: tiempo I remember the day when I happened very well
Where: lugar this is the fire station where I work
NON-DEFINING
Oraciones explicativas, solo añaden información extra sobre el antecedente.
Tom, who always wears a SEAT belt, survived the car accident
FUTURE SIMPLE
.hacer predicciones sobre hechos futuros
.hablar de horarios y planes en un futuro próximo
.cuando se toma una decisión repentina en el momento en el que se esta hablando
Affirmative: You will stop
Negative: you will not/ wont stop
Interrogative: will you stop?
BE GOING TO
.hablar sobre planes o intenciones en el futuro próximo
.indicar que algo esta a punto de ocurrir
Affirmative: I am going to do
Negative: I am not going to do
Interrogative: Am I going to do?
FUTURE PERFECT
.indicar que una acción habrá terminado en un momento concreto del futuro
Affirmative: you will have stopped
Negative: you will not/wont stopped
Interrogative: will you stopped?
FUTURE CONTINUOUS
.para expresar lo que estará ocurriendo en un momento determinado del futuro
Affirmative: you will be travelling
Negative: you will not/wont travelling
Interrogative: will you be travelling?
REPORTED SPEECH
Directreported
Present simple acts acted
Past simple acted had acted
Future simple will act would act
Present continuous is acting was acting
Past continuous was acting had been acting
Present perf simpl has acted had acted
Present perf contin has been acting had been acting
Past perf simpl had acted had acted
Past perf contin had been acting had been acting
Modal:
Direct-reported
Can could
May might
Must must/had to
Will would
Now then
Today that day
Yesterday previous day
Last week previous week
Tomorrow following day
Next week following day
Here there
This that
These those